![]() WHO publishes the first model list of essential medicines The Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China first published The first list of INNs for pharmaceutical substances published and becomes operational The International Pharmacopoeia first published Martindale's Extra Pharmacopoeia first publishedīritish Pharmaceutical Codex first published United States Pharmacopoeia first publishedīritish Pharmacopoeia first published (merging the London, Edinburgh and Dublin Pharmacopoeias) Drug indexes and classification systems followed, including the World Health Organization (WHO) Anatomical Therapeutic Classification (ATC) index and the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology/British Pharmacological Society (IUPHAR/BPS) Guide to Pharmacology. Drug nomenclature systems followed, including chemical names (eg, the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry names), nonproprietary or generic names (eg, International Nonproprietary Names ) and manufacturers' proprietary or brand names. These were unified into national pharmacopoeias, such as the British Pharmacopoeia, followed by national formularies, such as the British National Formulary (BNF), and international pharmacopoeias. City pharmacopoeias were the first to standardize and publish drug names, typically with information on available formulations that included opium. Several organizations and authorities have developed systems to name, classify and index drugs (see Table 1). How a drug is named and classified determines how it is used, and thus misnaming a drug or a lack of knowledge of such names can cause confusion.Ī catalogue of opioid drug names and their pharmacology could help bridge the public's knowledge gap, aid prescribers when choosing an opioid and centralize information for those developing the next generation of opioids and their alternatives. Others have found that poor public knowledge of opioids is a barrier in observational research and may drive over‐ and under‐reporting of opioid use and misuse. Studies in primary care have shown that providers often report inadequate training of opioid prescribing for chronic noncancer pain. The increased use and development of opioids may not be reflected in the confidence of prescribers or the knowledge of the public. Some estimate that thousands of opioids have been synthesized and investigated for their various analgesic, antidiarrheal, antitussive and dependence‐producing properties,īut the number of opioids is unknown and there is no central repository that comprehensively catalogues their names, types and pharmacological effects. The growing demand for analgesia, coupled with the need to treat and manage opioid dependence and overdose, has incentivized the development of new and potentially less addictive formulations of opioids and alternatives. With corresponding increases in opioid dependence, addiction and overdose. In most high‐income countries, prescribing of opioids has increased, ![]()
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